Erfan Rezvani Ghomi *, Mohamadreza Shakiba, Ali Saedi Ardahaei , Mahsa Akbari Kenari, Mehdi Faraji, Shahla Ataei , Parisa Kohansal, Iman Jafari, Majid Abdouss and Seeram Ramakrishna* Pages 340 - 351 ( 12 )
Wound healing is a varied and complex process designed to restore normal skin structure, function, and appearance in a timely manner. To achieve this goal, different immune and biological systems participate in coordination through four separate steps, including homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and regeneration. Each step involves the function of different cells, cytokines, and growth factors. However, chronic ulcers, which are classified into three types of ulcers, namely vascular ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and pressure ulcers, are not able to heal through the mentioned natural stages. This, in turn, causes mental and physical problems for these people and, as a result, imposes high economic and social costs on the society. In this regard, using a system that can accelerate the healing process of such chronic wounds, as an urgent need in society, should be considered. Therefore, in this study, the innovations of drug delivery systems for the healing of chronic wounds using hydrogels, nanomaterials, and membranes are discussed and reviewed.
Chronic wounds, drug delivery, wound healing, hydrogel, membrane, nanomaterials.
Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore 117581, Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, P.O. Box 491888369, Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore 117581