Hamid Mollazadeh, Elmira Mohtashami, Seyed H. Mousavi, Mohammad Soukhtanloo, Mohammad M. Vahedi, Azar Hosseini, Amir R. Afshari* and Amirhossein Sahebkar* Pages 4777 - 4788 ( 12 )
As the most popular intrinsic neoplasm throughout the brain, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is resistant to existing therapies. Due to its invasive nature, GBM shows a poor prognosis despite aggressive surgery and chemoradiation. Therefore, identifying and understanding the critical molecules of GBM can help develop new therapeutic strategies. Glutamatergic signaling dysfunction has been well documented in neurodegenerative diseases as well as in GBM. Inhibition of glutamate receptor activation or extracellular glutamate release by specific antagonists inhibits cell development, invasion, and migration and contributes to apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells. This review outlines the current knowledge of glutamate signaling involvement and current therapeutic modalities for the treatment of GBM.
Glioblastoma multiforme, glutamate, antagonist, invasion, apoptosis, current therapeutic modalities.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran